If you have a problem with your primary site and can't access your primary database, you can continue working with the database that you have as standby on the other site, by changing its role to primary.
Oracle Data Guard enhances high availability and data protection by allowing standby databases to seamlessly take over if the primary database fails. It minimizes performance impacts with backup from standby and supports real-time replication across data centers. Despite challenges like licensing fees, network disconnection risks, and implementation complexity, Oracle Data Guard offers zero data loss and robust failover, making it suitable for critical operations, though costly and requiring constant monitoring.